Efforts to Revive Membership in the British Trade Unions Essay

Efforts to Revive Membership in the British Trade Unions - Essay Example Any laxity on the side of the unions in the push to champion employee rights may lead to the uncalled fall and liquidation of initially successful trade union. It is worth acknowledging that British trade unions enjoyed the advantage of high membership registration immediately before 1979. However, this high historic clamour did not last long as the trade unions faced a tragic resignation and defection of their member. The main causes of the fall of the British trade unions were due to the high risk of unemployment due to the financial crisis that resulted in a high lay-off of workers (Smith 2011). In addition, the employees were defeated by the government in their push for salary increment, an incidence used by the government to institute laws allowing the employers to sack their rebellious workers at will. Furthermore, the Labour government made depriving laws in 1974 with a move to revenge against the great miners strike by adopting the Tory anti-union laws designated to cut indus trial wages. Labour government also worked hard to weaken the momentary strong shop stewards’ organization. The initial moves accomplished by the Labour government demoralized individual workers from participating in national votes thus paving way for Margret Thatcher and Tories laws insurgence to power. Upon entrance of the Conservative government into power under the umbrella of Margret Thatcher, new mechanisms were devised to reverse the defeat suffered by the employers at the hands of the trade unions. In that line, Margret started by isolating the key trade unions after which Tory anti-union laws of 1980 was adopted. Conservative government began the fight with the steel miners and the health workers in the year 1980 and then the printers in 1985 whose defeats returned to the government. In addition, there was great contest between the leaders of the various trade unions over who could lead the entire trade unions in Britain. This led to the automatic weakening of the ef forts of the entire trade unions (Smith 2011). Since 1980, British trade unions have tried to regain their former stature and power with limited success. In a move to restore the initial membership of workers into the trade unions, British trade unions have adopted practical policies that have stood to bear desirable results that in reviving the image of the trade unions. According to Budd and Mumford (2001, 2), many trade unions in the British economy have adopted family-friendly policies, which have led to the recovery of particular trade unions. The family-friendly policy entails the provision of subsidized onsite daycare to the workers on board. In addition, family-friendly practices provide free health care services to the children of the employees. Furthermore, the family-friendly services offered by the trade unions in Britain avails free meals to the onsite workers, a practice ought to increase the performances of the employees. Family friendly practices include provision of benefits that allow flexibility of the employees to tune from full time workers to balance between work and family issues. According to Budd and Mumford (2001, 3), the most critical component of benefits offered by the family-friendly policy is the leave policies.

The capital punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The capital punishment - Essay Example The capital punishment is retribution; therefore, it should be practiced in the U.S despite claims by that it has no efficacy in deterring crime. The capital punishment is no doubt the most effective way to deter a criminal from committing further crimes since death deprives of human ability. Death penalty puts a stop to a murder’s criminal activity. The cost of taking care of a life sentence convict is much less the cost of the death sentence (Evan Mandery 204). Texas is one of the states that comprise the U.S with an excellent example to the practice of the capital punishment. On 2 July, in the year 2007, legislators in Texas mandated the death penalty for traffic offences among them failure to obey seat belt laws, speeding and driving without a license. This legislation stipulates seizure and sale of offender’s assets by the state to raise revenue for road construction and maintenance following execution. The legislation plays a vital role in raising taxes for the state. The capital punishment is economically significant to the U.S. On a rough approximate the U.S spends $25,000 to maintain a single prisoner. Imprisonment of criminals adds a burden to the U.S budget. The practice of a retroactive application of the capital punishment in the prison system might be the gateway to achieving a cost cut on the government’s expenditure on maintaining criminals. The death punishment is not only effective in deterring crimes but also promoting economic growth (Evan Mandery 368).

Missouri Crimes Against Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Missouri Crimes Against Property - Essay Example Usually, property crimes are large crimes targeting jewelry, electronics, for example, stereos, cameras, and other valuable equipment. Products that are included in property crime tend to be enjoyable, concealable, valuable, available, removable, and easy to dispose (Allen, 2005). This paper will look at  the State of Missouri, and its statute concerning a crime against property. A robbery charge should not be taken lightly because the outcomes of a guilty verdict are extremely harsh. Missouri law classifies a robbery charge as either that in the second degree, or that in the first degree. In Missouri, first degree robbery is categorized as a class A felony. The class A felony constitutes a prison term that is between 10 to 30 years. An individual is involved in robbery in the first degree when he uses force to steal possessions from another person and displays, threatens, uses, or possesses a deadly or dangerous weapon, or causes severe physical harm to an individual. In contrast, an individual is involved in robbery in the second degree when he employs force to steal belongings from another person (Conklin, 1972). In Missouri, second degree robbery is categorized as a class B felony. ... The definitions of robbery crime used are mainly of two types: those that are modified to the standards of American Law Institute Model Penal Code and those directly originated from the former English common law (Friedman, 2005). Missouri statues move into extra details while a small number of states like Virginia, leave the description as it is in the common law. Under the historical common law or older definitions of robbery, it demands proof of theft, the key common law theft, the theft is by fear or force, and the theft is from immediate presence or person of the victim. Use of Fear or Force The prime element of robbery is that theft be by means of either fear or force. A common form of robbery that utilizes force is mugging. In this case, the robber holds the neck of an unsuspecting individual from the rear and uses force to take his or her valuables, for example, wallet, purse, or phone. Other popular forms of force include striking a victim with a blunt object, fist, or gun. I n contrast, picking another person’s pocket is not presumed as robbery. This is because there is no perceived use of fear or force, and robbery entails the use of force and not just removing the belongings from the pocket (Siegel, 2003). Nevertheless, if the robber manhandles the victim during the taking, or if the victim is aware of the endeavor and resists, it becomes robbery. Taking from Presence or Person Another element of robbery, under historical common law,  is that the action be in the immediate presence of the victim or from the individual. Possession is considered taken from a person if it is taken from his clothing or hand, or from an area where it is hidden while the individual is running away from the robber. A victim’s

Since 1997, britain has been undergoing a period of constitutional Essay

Since 1997, britain has been undergoing a period of constitutional reform. this reform has been radical and yet piecemeal Discuss this statement in relation t - Essay Example The reverse side of the British political tradition is ability to modernization of political system, creation of new political institutes for further development of a society and the state. The newest cycle of political modernization in the Great Britain has begun in 1970s years, but its most dynamical stage has fallen to the period from 1997, when the Labour party led by Toni Blair has come in. Till now from the formal point of view the United Kingdom of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland was considered as the unitary national state with the one centre in London, possessing the inseparable sovereignty. At the same time administrative-territorial division of the country includes four regions: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which long since possessed rather wide autonomy. Initially England was the state-forming nation, which has annexed or has entered the unions as the senior member with nations adjoining it. Long time, the leading position of England in a state order and governance was expressed in the fact that its name was a synonym of the name of whole country. At the same time the English nationalism was not ethnic, but civil, it became the basic source of formation of concept "British public". The British Empire, which has reached culmination of its power in the nineteenth century, became a primary factor in accumulation of the phenomenon of "Britic ism", which long time was the basic identification for inhabitants of United Kingdom. However in second half of the last century after the empire came apart, situation has changed. In the British regions except for England national movements became more active, more and more number of people named themselves not British, but Scots, Welshmen or Irish. The growth of national consciousness in the British regions of so-called "Celtic peripheries ", and also a number of other factors, has led to the fact that to elections of 1997 the Labour party has come

Intellectual property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Intellectual property - Essay Example The piracy of intellectual property is the illegitimate use of another individual’s ideas, concepts or artistic work (Esoderberg 2011). This use might involve a range of lack of respect for the ethical and financial liberties of copyright makers or owners. Such violations might engage rarity acts that go against the equal use or selling in nationwide legislation through to sweeping and duplicating of disks, editorials, designer handbags and watches on a strictly lucrative objective. Piracy and sham violations of intellectual property further define the sale of copies of commodities devoid of the consent of the owner of the liberties to those commodities. IP piracy normally refers to the sale of illegal replications, devoid of required claims on its originality. A copyright is an outline of fortification given to the author of unique â€Å"works of authorship.† Such works comprise of fictional musical, dramatic, creative, and other definite intellectual works, whether published or not. According to the 1976 Copyright Act, the owner of copyrighted works has been granted exceptional freedom of the reproduction of the copyrighted work, groundwork for copied works, supply of replications or phonorecords of the copyrighted work, its public performance, or display of the same copyrighted works. The copyright also secures a form of expression instead of the subject material of an intellectual works’ writing. For instance, the definition of equipment can be copyrighted. Nevertheless, this would simply hinder other people from duplicating the definition, and not hinder them from putting down a definition of their own or from creating and employing the equipment. American massive computer designer and manufacturer Apple legally stated that Samsung, another rival company, breached patents by creating their most recent tablet computer, Galaxy (Esoderberg 2011). Apple claims that Galaxy has made the tablet with remarkably similar features

Evaluation of International Investment Location Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of International Investment Location Essay We are an International car components manufacturing company located in Australia. We are seeking for investment opportunities in the automotive sector in attractive international markets. For this purpose our syndicate has short listed two countries viz. China and India. This report provides detailed analysis of the two countries in terms of the political and economic environments in addition to the competitive factors in the automotive sector. Political factors Political environment in an economy has a very strong influence on the investment decisions in that country. There are various political factors which affect investment decision such as environmental regulations and protection, tax policies, international trade regulations and restrictions, contract enforcement law, consumer protection, employment laws, government organization and its attitude towards investment, competition regulation, safety regulations etc†¦ The following table shows a comparison between the political factors in between the two countries. (The ranking is given by â€Å"doingbusiness. org† which is a part of the World Bank group) Starting a business is relatively easier in India which requires 13 procedures to be completed and it takes around a month to complete these procedures. In China there are 14 procedures to be completed to start a new business which require 40 days. Dealing with construction permits is a difficult process in China. There are 37 processes to be completed to get the construction permits and it takes around 336 days to complete all those processes. However in India, there are only 20 processes that need to be completed which can be completed in around 224 days. Though employing workers in China is not as much a difficult affair today as compared to the situation in 2008, the condition in India is much better compared to China. Hiring is a very easy affair in India as compared to China however firing could be much difficult in the Indian environment as compared to the Chinese environment. Registering property in India is a difficult affair as compared to China. While China ranks 30th in terms of ease of registering property, India’s rank has dropped down to 114 in 2009 from 105 in 2008. Getting credit in India is relatively easier as compared to China. The â€Å"doingbusiness. org† ranking in the â€Å"protecting investors† category for China is more than double the ranking of India. This indicates that the protection of the interests of the investors is given much more importance in India than in China. The ease with which taxes could be paid in China has been improved a lot in 2009 as compared to 2008. However it has remained unaltered in India. The Chinese government encourages trading across borders and hence it is much easier to do international trading in China than in India. Enforcing contracts is a very difficult affair in India as compared to China. In India there are around 46 procedures to be completed and it takes around 180 days to complete all those procedures however in China there are only34 procedures which can be completed which could be done in a span of 18 days. Closing a business is a difficult affair in India as compared to China. It takes are around 10 years to close down a business in India as compared to a mere 1. 7 years in case of China. Given the rapid transformations in their economies, the Chinese and Indian governments are still trying to determine whether and how to differentiate between domestic and foreign enterprises and what types of policies to adopt for each category of firm. For example, China’s new enterprise income tax law eliminates the tax advantages that foreign enterprises historically enjoyed over domestic ones, and a new antimonopoly law may put fresh restrictions on acquisitions within China by foreign firms. Meanwhile in India, the government is often ruled by a coalition of widely disparate partners, populated by incumbents who almost always lose in the next election†¦ Economic instability is another concern. From early 2007 to early 2008, manufacturing costs in southern China, where many mul ¬tinationals have set up shop, have increased by as much as 40 percent. A rapid increase in the cost of raw materials and energy as well as new labor laws and environmental regulations are the chief reasons. India’s labor costs have thus far been relatively stable. (Gupta, Wang 2009) Thus there is political risk involved in both the countries. However many consider that the Indias soft attributes, such as a democratic government and a free press pose a lesser long term threat than Chinas Hard aspects such as a communist government with a restricted freedom for the press. Both China and India are on the same path of globalization. Both the countries have liberalized their economies and opened the doors of their economies to foreign investments. While China was autarkic in its pre-reform period, India had a highly regulated economy with heavy restrictions on the private investments. However, the economic reforms have made China more capitalistic in nature and India has opened up its economy for private investors.

The Fire Alarm System Engineering Essay

The Fire Alarm System Engineering Essay We are living in a time that safety and security became one of the necessary requirements in all areas of life, in the middle of technology revolution which aims to make life easier and more secure, technology has been earned by man in many fields of his life, and because of that and to make places where we live, work or even relax is more secure and safe by applying a fire alarm system. As mentioned above we will design a fire alarm system which will alert user if there is an indication of a fire situation. The main aim of all manufacturers is to achieve the best and the cheapest systems. Fire alarm system is an automatic system which detects if there an indication of a fire situation by sensing temperature or sensing a smoke, which are an indications of the changing in the environment that surrounds the system. Fire alarm system can be considered as a manual system which activated by the user or an automatic system which activates by itself, or it can be considered both automatic and manual system. The general architecture of the fire systems consists of the sensors itself, the controlling device (microcontroller or personal computers or any logic circuits), and the alarm speakers (buzzers) and in some cases it may contain an auto dialling devices to call the police or the owner of the building. Fire alarm systems can provide one or more of the following: Notifies the occupants. Controls all the fire alarm components in a building. Notifies persons in the surrounding area. Summons the fire service. Project Description and Aims The main aim of this project is to design a PIC microcontroller based fire and over heat monitoring and alarm system; the system will have the ability to detect smoke and continuously measure the temperature at any desired area and display it on an LCD (liquid crystal display) screen. And when the temperature goes over a certain degree a fan will be activated in order to reduce the temperature and cool the place. But if that doesnt work and the temperature still increasing an alarm will be activated in order to alert the persons on the surrounding area and the fan will be disabled in order to reduce the opportunity of starting a fire. Also this alarm will be activated in tow more ways, either by the pull box switch which will activate the fire alarm manually or by the smoke detector that will detect any kind of smoke which is often an indication for the existence of fire. This fire system can be considered as a manual automatic system, it is based on many ways to alert people that attending in a certain place -where the system is activated for a fire situation; the first method is sensing the temperature of the area if any increasing of the temperature over a certain degree is detected by the controller it will be displayed on the LCD and the fan will be activated, if the temperature still increasing that will indicate a fire situation so the microcontroller will activate the alarm, the second method is by pulling the switch box manually by any user, and finally when the smoke sensor will detect a smoke in the environment the microcontroller will receive the read and will activate the alarm and display the result on the LCD. Main system components: PIC microcontroller as the system brain. LCD to display results from PIC microcontroller Temperature sensor to measure the air Temperature. Smoke detector detects if there a smoke in the air. Alarm which alert in the fire situation. Switch used for manually activate or deactivate system. Fan to decrease the air Temperature. 1.3 System Block Diagram: fir blo.JPG Figure (1.1) System Block Diagram PIC microcontroller as shown in the figure (1.1) is can be described as the brain of the system, which receives inputs from three parts the first one is the temperature sensor, which measure the temperature of a certain area and pass it to the PIC microcontroller which will detects the temperature whether its over a certain degree or not, if the temperature degree is less than the certain degree them PIC will display the degree on the LCD, if the temperature degree is over then the PIC microcontroller will display the temperature degree and will put the fan to work until the temperature decrease to the normal degree. But if the temperature degree still increasing then the PIC will consider a fire situation activate the system automatically including turn the fan off and will put the alarm on to alert people to a fire situation, alarm cant be put on if there is not a driving circuit PIC may not be able to turn the alarm on. The second input is from smoke detector which detects if there a smoke in the air, and send the result continuously to the PIC whether there a smoke or not. And the PIC will detect the result if there is no smoke PIC will display the result on the LCD, but if there is smoke PIC will display the result on the LCD and will turn the alarm on to alert people to a fire situation. The third input is from the switch by which user will be able to activate or deactivate the fire system manually. If the system detects a smoke or increasing in the temperature and assumed a fire situation and there is no fire the user can deactivate the system manually, and if the user find himself in a fire situation but the system hasnt detected it yet he can activate the system manually. 1.4 Plan to implement As shown in the block diagram first the LCD screen must be connected to the PIC in order to display the desired data, then the reading of the temperature sensor will be fed to the PIC microcontroller through the ADC (analog to digital) peripheral of the PIC as input then it will be processed in the PIC microcontroller so it can be displayed on the LCD screen, then we will interface the smoke detector with the PIC microcontroller and display its status on the LCD screen. After that an interface must be done through a driving circuit to activate and deactivate the siren with a control signal from the PIC microcontroller, and then to make the connection of the pull box switch. Also a driving circuit has to be implemented to control the system cooling fan from the PIC microcontroller. 1.5 Software Approach Since we are designing a PIC microcontroller based system, first we need tools to program and write the software for the PIC microcontroller, so will need to use a PIC code compiler that is efficient and easy to use, so we have chosen to use (MikroBasic) compiler. Chapter Two Theoretical Background 2.1 OVERVIEW In this chapter we are going to explain all system hard ware components and why we used them. Several hardware components are required to combine the ability of sensing the temperature degree and detecting smoke in the air with activating the system for fire l In this chapter we will introduce all the project components with a brief about each component. The project main components are: PIC microcontroller as the system brain. LCD to display results from PIC microcontroller Temperature sensor to measure the air Temperature. Smoke detector detects if there a smoke in the air. Alarm which alert in the fire situation. Switch used for manually activate or deactivate system. Fan to decrease the air Temperature. 2.2 PIC microcontroller A microcontroller is an integrated circuit consists of simple CPU which associated with support functions such as timers, serial and analog I/O, crystal oscillator, its memory is divided to ROM, RAM, EEPROM, PIC is designed for small or dedicated applications. PIC used to reduce size and cost comparing to the model that uses separated CPU, memory, and I/O devices PIC also provides a benefit of controlling non digital electronic systems. PIC became popular in both industrial developers and hobbyists thats because of the low cost availability, easy to program and reprogram with flash memory (EEPROM) capability.F:EnasyacoubPICpic_pl.jpg Figure 2.1 (PIC microcontroller) 2.2-1 Types of the PICs Pins: The Must Pins M-CLR : which mean master clear and it active high which mean this pin works using 1but if its written as M-CLR that mean it is active low works using 0, the function of this pin is to reset the PIC which mean reset to the program counter to return to the beginning of the executed code. It is the PIN no. 1 in the PIC and most of the time it is connected to the Vcc logic 1 to let the PIC work. Oscillator: It is defined as a periodic fluctuation between two things based on changing in energy, frequency at which oscillator works is usually determined by a quartz crystal which vibrates at a frequency depends on it thickness when current is applied to it. Oscillator can combine inductors, resistors, and/or capacitors to determine the frequency. There are two types of oscillator: internal oscillator, external oscillator such as quartz crystals. Power supply: The main function of power supply is to provide system with fixed voltage needed, the typical voltage for almost PICs is (5 V) which indicates that there is a limitation on the voltage, for example if the PIC was provided with (5.5-6 V) it will damage, less than (2.5 V) PIC will not work, (less than 4.5 and more than 2.5) it is a float value which mean it is not a known value for the PIC. Usually no. of power pins is 4; 2 pins are grounded (VSS), the other two are 5 volt (VDD). The Optional Pins These pins are divided into groups that are called ports. Each port has a configuration register inside the PIC and it is called TRISE register; which a data direction register that controls the direction of data (input or output) of each pin of that port. For example having TRISA cleared (0 which is the default) will configure all pins of PORTA as output. PIC Microcontroller (16F876A) which is best described as the brain of the system, this part were chosen for its convenience for the project because all the components in this project must be interfaced with each in any easy and simple approach in order to save time and effort, for instance we have used an LCD screen as a human interface to display the system status, which much is easier to connect the LCD to the PIC microcontroller rather than facing an external interfacing hardware design. 2.2-2 PIC 16F876A: PIC16F876A High-Performance RISC CPU: Only 35 single-word instructions All single-cycle instructions except for program branches, which are two-cycle. Operating speed: DC 20 MHz Clock input DC 200 ns instruction cycle. Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory. Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory. Those features result because of the PIC technology CMOS Technology: Low-power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM technology. Fully static design. Wide operating voltage range (2.0V to 5.5V). Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges. Low-power consumption. 2.3 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 2.3-1 Definition and Mechanism of LCD LCD is the short of a Liquid Crystal Display which is a thin, flat panel. LCD is an electronically displayer for information which can be a text, symbols, numbers, images or moving pictures. It can be used as a monitor for computers, TVs, gaming devices, calculators, etc. figure (3.13) shows a 16ÃÆ'-2 LCD. Character LCD Figure (2.2) LCD 2.3-2 LCD Basics: Simple LCDs consists of liquid crustal cell surrounded by conductive electrode, upper and lower glass, upper and lower polarizer, as shown on the figure. Figure 2.3 (LCD structure) LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal between them. When an electric current passed through the liquid crystal causes the crystals to align. Because of that light will not be able to pass through them. Therefore, each crystal is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light as you can see in figure (3.14). Because its low electrical power consumption which allows it to be used in battery powered electronic equipment it made of any number of pixels filled with liquid crystal cells, to produce image in colours or monochrome pixels must be arrayed in front of light source. Among to its lightweight construction, its portability, and its ability to be produced in much larger screen sizes than are practical construction of cathode ray tube (CRT) display technology which are LCDs major features . Also its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. Since all the functions such as display RAM, character generator and liquid crystal driver, required for driving a dot-matrix liquid crystal display are internally provided on one chip, a minimum system can be interfaced with this controller drive. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen that will be used to display the temperature and to display the status of the system, we have chosen an LCD screen since its the best way to inform the user about the system status in a friendly and simple way. 2.4 Temperature Sensor: Which is a device used to sense temperature also known as measurement temperature device. Temperature sensors can be classified into two types contact and non-contact sensors. 2.4-1 Contact sensors Which measure its own temperature as the environments temperature, by considering that the sensor and the object are at the in thermal equilibrium which means that there is no flow temperature between them. 2.4-2 Non-contact sensors Which receives thermal radiant power of infrared radiation radiates from some area, then its measure it as the temperature of that area. Temperature Sensor (LM35 DZ) this sensor has been chosen due to its high quality, sensitivity, low cost and its simple and easy output interface. Features of temperature Sensor (LM35 DZ) Calibrated directly in  ° Celsius (Centigrade) 0.5 °C accuracy Rated for full -55 ° to +150 °C range For remote applications this sensor is suitable It can operate from 4 to 30 volts The current drain is less than 60  µA 2.5 Smoke Detector Its been used to detect smoke in the air and fed back the result to the system. There are two methods to detect smoke in the air: Photoelectric method which also called optical detection. By emitting electronics from a matter such as liquid metals or gases that from electromagnetic radiation electrons energy would be absorptive, then the emitted electronics will be detected by the detector. The process is done as a light beam which goes in front to the light sensor in the case of no smoke, but if there smoke light will reflect in angles then light beams will be scattered to the light sensor which will consider it as a smoke setuation. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photoelectric_effect.svg/275px-Photoelectric_effect.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/OpticalSmokeDetector.png/250px-OpticalSmokeDetector.png Ionization by converting an ion into molecule by removing or adding charges electrons. The principle of this method is that a chamber which includes two electrodes with air between them and there is a small constant current will be permitted but if there a smoke enters the ionic chamber then the small current will be interrupted which will indicate a fire situation. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Smokealarm.JPG/250px-Smokealarm.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_detector 2.6 Switch This is an electrical device used to pass or not pass current. It is used to activate the system manually by any user in any emergency case. Or deactivate the system manually by the user in if the system activate automatically and there is no emergency case. 2.7 Buzzer or siren Is also called a beeper which is an electronic device which consists number of sensors or switches, has many applications such as car horn, clock alarm etc That is used to inform the persons at the surrounding area and notify them about status of the fire alarm system. 2.8 Driving circuit Which is an electrical circuit by which an electronic device can control another device, driving circuit for example can be used to amplify current.