Primary Prevention Of Uti / Health Promotion - 1257 Words

This paper is a summary of a community teaching done in the city of Georgetown Texas . The target population is a church community of mainly older people from the age of 50 years and above. The topic taught was â€Å"Primary Prevention of UTI/Health Promotion†. This teaching lasted for about 30 minutes. The objectives of the teaching were that the church community will understand what urinary tract infection (UTI) means, causes of urinary tract infection, primary ways of preventing UTI, and health promotion. At the end of the teaching peoples understanding of the teaching was assessed and evaluated. Few barriers were encountered during teaching but was also addressed. The teaching theory used for this teach was a teach back†¦show more content†¦The epidemiological rationale for this teaching is that â€Å"nearly 1 in 3 women will have had at least 1 episode of UTI requiring antimicrobial therapy by the age of 24 years. Almost half of all women will experience 1 UTI during their lifetime† (Foxman, 2003). According to Robichaud and Blondeau (2008), in the community setting, the rate of Urinary tract infection accounts for 24% of all diagnosed infections, followed by respiratory tract infections. It is the most common infection reported in long term care facilities too. I also choose this topic because i take care of kids who have also been treated of UTI which also reoccurs. The church community was taught that the urinary tract infection can be prevented primarily by one drinking plenty of liquids especially water, by always wiping from front to back after using the rest room. Emptying the bladder when full and bladder should also be emptied soon after intercourse. They were taught to avoid potentially irritating feminine products. Appropriate treatment of medical conditions such as incontinence, cystocele, prostatic hypertrophy, bacterial prostatitis, bladder diverticuli e.t.c will help in the prevention of urinary tract infection. S ome birth controls like diaphragm may cause urinary tract infection for some people and this birth control method should be change. Also catheter associated urinary tract infection can be prevented by the use and maintaining of sterileShow MoreRelatedRisk For Developing Kidney Disease1591 Words   |  7 PagesAfter conducting a health history assessment and formulating a genogram for my client C.N, I have come to the conclusion that she is at increased risk for developing kidney disease. C.N is a 32 years-old African American female with a current medical diagnosis of Hydronephrosis, UTI, and Left Ureteral Constriction. Unfortunately she also has an extensive family history of kidney disease. Healthy People 2020 points out that genetic determinants have a large influence on the development and progressionRead MoreGerontology Study Guide Essay3095 Words   |  13 PagesNursing Care? A. Standard I: Assessment. a. The gerontological nurse collects patient health data. b. Enhances the nurse’s ability to make sound clinical judgments c. Culturally and ethnically appropriate B. Standard I: Assessment a. Types of assessments: Interviewing, Functional assessment, Environmental assessment, Physical assessment, Review of health records C. Standard II: Diagnosis a. The gerontological nurse analyzes the assessmentRead MoreHand Hygiene Hospitals And Long Term Care Facilities1161 Words   |  5 Pagessettings. Hospital refers to acute care institutions offering inpatient care. LTCFs refer to institutions offering residential health care to individuals unable to manage independently in the community (Smith et al, 2008). Adherence is a nonjudgmental term reflecting the complexity of behaviors observed when implementing HH protocols. In contrast, compliance implies health care workers (HCWs) passively obey infection control mandates, reducing internal motivation and HH ownership (American CollegeRead MoreIndependent Prescribing Case Study6166 Words   |  25 PagesCase Study for Independent Prescribing There are many definitions of Independent prescribing, the Department of Health (2006 para 7 amp; 8)) working definition is: ‘Independent prescribing is prescribing by a practitioner (e.g. doctor, dentist, nurse, and pharmacist) responsible and accountable for the assessment of patients with undiagnosed or diagnosed conditions and for decisions about the clinical management required, including prescribing. In partnership with the patient, independent prescribingRead MoreHealth Promotion Plan For A New Framework Health Care Delivery5265 Words   |  22 Pages Y.L.’ Health Promotion Plan Yanin C Lopez Excelsior College Introduction Jarvis (2012) noted the purpose of Healthy People 2020 and pointed out the determinants of health and health disparities in the creation of a new framework health care delivery that maintain and promote healthy communities. An Individuals’ health status is influenced by constellation of personal, social economic and environmental factors, collectively kwon as the Determinants of Health. Social factors such as poverty,Read MoreDorothea Orem s Self Care Deficit Theory2676 Words   |  11 Pagesstate of their personal health† (Hartweg, 1991). The answer to this question is what sparked the idea for this theory. For twenty years, Orem refined her idea based on input from her students and other colleagues. Together, with the help of help of the Nursing Development Conference Group, she published a book based on her theory. The book clearly outlined Orem’s purpose of her theory that centered on self-care as a necessary step towards improving both health promotion and self-care practicesRead MoreA Complex Patient Scenario Encountered During The Student s Senior Semester Clinical Practicum8977 Words   |  36 Pagesinterdisciplinary referral suggestions. Nursing interventions and outco mes were evaluated for effectiveness. Health prevention and promotion were additionally explored related to this patient s disease processes to help improve health outcomes. Keywords: intensive care, patient scenario, clinical practicum, pathophysiology, disease processes, interventions, diagnoses, assessments, health prevention, promotion, health outcomes DOUBLE SPACE AFTER PERIODS*** Chief Complaint This patient presentedRead MoreBrand Case Studies.Docx23428 Words   |  94 Pagesmarket share in several product segments (Refer Exhibit II) including laundry and cleaning (Tide, Cascade, Dawn), paper goods (Bounty, Charmin, Pampers), beauty care (Pantene, Olay, Cover Girl), food and beverages (Folgers, Pringles, Duncan Hines), and health care (Crest, Scope, Metamucil). Commending Pamp;G s exceptional growth, an analyst said, Within a paternalistic corporate culture, Pamp;G pioneered in brand management, in consumer surveys for marketing research and in new product research andRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesI 111TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. 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Traditional And Nontraditional Characteristics Predicting...

This is a review of the dissertation A Comparative Study of Traditional and Nontraditional Characteristics Predicting Retention among First Time in College Students researched by C. Joseph (2015). This dissertation looks closely at the retention and completion of first time college students and their persistence to obtain their educational goals. The dissertation also looks at programs and services that support and assist students’ needs and that reduce the risk of stopping-out or dropping-out of college. Joseph’s (2015) research identifies 68% of students coming out of high school enroll into college. These students face immediate challenges of higher education and the curricular demands they encounter. Many institutions put first-time students through orientation programs in an attempt to familiarize the student with all the resources available to them, to help aid in their success. Additionally, these orientation programs usually contain team building components and activities so students have the opportunity to interact and bond with their peers. Students who develop a network of peers feel connected to an institution and utilize the resources available to them. Joseph’s (2015) research states that these students have a much higher success rate persisting through their programs of study and reaching completion. The problem identified, in the dissertation, is the retention rate of First Time in College (FTIC) students at a 4-year, private, not-for-profit university inShow MoreRelatedCollege Readiness System5622 Words   |  23 PagesCollege Readiness 1 Running Head: COLLEGE READINESS AND FIRST-GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS Defining College Readiness from the Inside Out: First-Generation College Student Perspectives Kathleen Byrd, M. Ed. Developmental Education Reading and English Instructor South Puget Sound Community College 132 Plymouth St. N.W., Olympia, WA 98502 kathb@u.washington.edu. (360) 754-2889 Ginger MacDonald, Ph.D. Director and Professor of Education University of Washington, Tacoma 1900 CommerceRead MoreAttrition Rate of Online Learning12302 Words   |  50 PagesQuestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Significance of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..9 Demographics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Best Practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Student Characteristics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...24 III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.32 Summary †¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.32 Findings .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...38 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreDessler Hrm12 Tif0511347 Words   |  46 Pagesï » ¿Human Resource Management, 12e (Dessler) Chapter 5 Personnel Planning and Recruiting 1) What is the first step in the recruitment and selection process? A) performing initial screening interviews B) building a pool of candidates C) performing candidate background checks D) interviewing possible candidates E) deciding what positions to fill Answer: E Explanation: The first step of the recruitment and selection process is deciding what positions to fill through personnel planning and forecastingRead Moremkt311 tb chap819898 Words   |  80 Pages10. Perceptual maps include positions of current brands as well as ideal points where a consumer segment would want a product to be.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    11. The STP process is made up of strategy, targeting, and promotion.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    12. The first step in the STP process is to establish an overall strategy.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    13. Automobile manufacturers could build cars specially designed for very tall people, but it is likely that this segment is not substantial.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    14. A complexRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesCompilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storageRead MoreHow Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and Success14272 Words   |  58 PagesPaving the Way: How Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and Success Literature Review October 2008 In a time of ever-rising college costs, financial aid is critical to increase college access and success. Federal, state, and institutional aid programs help to ensure that students can afford higher education regardless of economic background. Financial aid is most effective when students and families learn about it early enough to make the right choices and plans about high school courseworkRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of DisabilitiesRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pages Having your company cited under federal occupational safety laws for unsafe practices f. Allowing a lack of training to undermine your department’s effectiveness g. Committing any unfair labor practices 3. Helps you to gain Competitive Advantage Among all the resources possessed by the organizations it is only Manpower or the Human resources that create the real difference. Because all organizations can have the same technology, they can possess same type of financial resources, same sort of rawRea d MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesresources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u tRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesAll rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First published in 2007 Libraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 A Member of the Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard

Precision Agriculture in Australia-Free-Samples -Myassignment

Question: Demand and Supply of certain resources (LNG, Natural Gas, Energy, Coal etc) in Australia. Answer: Introduction Agriculture industries is one of key industries in Australia as it contributes to about 12% share of this nations Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This industry in Australia produces huge variety of primary goods for export as well as domestic consumption. This report focuses on the reforms in agriculture industries in Australia over the decades. For the past three decades, the main feature of this nation approach in enhancing productivity has been to bring about change in agriculture and decrease distorting manufacturer support (Bramley and Trengove 2013). Historically, the Australian government employed several support measures in maintaining as well as stabilizing farmer returns in this sector. This study also highlights on the role of Australian government in bring about reforms in agricultural sector. The economic analysis presenting the issue is also discussed in this report. Role of Australian government in reforms in agricultural Industries The Australian government plays a major role in bringing about reforms in the agricultural industries. The policy makers of this nation have recognized the significance of rising agricultural productivity sustainably as it enhances long-term income as well as welfare. For this reason, they took interest in implementing programs for achieving this goal without distorting the markets (Fuglie et al. 2012). These programs that supports diversification, encourages investment and refines their business skills have improved their farmers ability in enhancing their business. The Australian government actively works in reducing distortions in worlds agricultural trade in order to give better access in the market for the Australian exporters. Both the farmers as well as the Australian government establishes research and development (RD) corporations for each agricultural industries (Willer and Lernoud 2016). The government contribution to RD bodies helps them in researching about new farming m ethods, which in turn improves productivity and adaptation to change in climate. The Australian government is mainly interested in bringing change in agricultural industry as this sector plays bigger role in exporting products and services and contributes in national income and employment. Economic analysis about presenting the issue Reforms of agricultural policies in Australia started in 1970, when the government sought in limiting the financial assistance given through the budgetary measures. Early reforms introduced stabilized prices in agricultural goods and placed larger emphasis on providing assistance. Subsequent change aimed in making decision-making highly responsive to the market forces and decreased the level of assistance within the industry. The reforms in Australias agricultural sector include reduction in tariff, wider protection measures and removal of subsidy in fertilizer consumption. Tariff refers to tax on exports or imports of goods between the sovereign states. The government imposes tariff for restricting trade as it increases the prices of imported products, making them highly expensive to the consumers. Therefore, reduction in tariff led to growth of agricultural goods that are to be traded. Hence, it also led to creation of trade in this nation. Subsidy is termed as the benefits that the government offers to the individuals or industries in different forms including welfare payment, allowance of tax keeping low prices of products etc. Removal of subsidy in fertilizer consumption helped the Australian government in saving huge amount of money (Rickards and Howden 2012). In addition, the Australian government also imposed education programs to the farmers including marketing, strategic planning, production management and resource management. As a result, it improved the business skills of the farmers leading to increase in productivity. These reforms not onl y enhanced productivity growth but also reduced the production cost as well as cost of doing business. It also removed distortions in product price and increased exposure to huge competition (Hochman et al. 2013). Furthermore, the imposition of less foreign investment restriction in agriculture led to growth of agricultural industries. This occurred due to increase in inflow of capital arising from the foreign investment. This led to development of agricultural industries of this nation. Furthermore, the present agriculture polices shows that the Australian government does not provide support of market price to producers. Figure 1: Assessment of support to Australian agriculture Source: (Oecd.org 2017) As total productivity increased due to reform in agricultural industries, it enhanced the GDP growth rate of Australia. GDP refers to the monetary value of the final commodities and services manufactured within the geographical boundary of the nation in specific time frame. Therefore, increase in GDP growth rate signifies better economic health of the nation. Figure 2: The GDP of Australia from Agriculture Source: (tradingeconomics.com 2017) Recommendation of actions to the policyholders As the Australian government plays vital role in changing their agricultural industries, certain recommendation on the actions to be taken by the policymakers is given below: The Australian government should take effectual account on the requirements as well as decision-making procedure of the farmers and must also ensure flexibility in adaption programs in order to satisfy their farmers (Sheng et al. 2015). It is suggested that the key holders should adapt more research techniques for mitigating greenhouse gas emission from this agricultural sector. The policymakers in response to problems impacting agriculture should increase their investment as well as support for adapting further research methods into efficiency in energy in this industry especially, biofuels, biochar etc. It is recommended that the key holders should establish operating station network within this nation and must also regulate compatibility between various GPS systems. The government should also invest in local organizations that are engaged in work of farmers in acclimatizing to variability in climate. The policymakers must also develop policy for evaluating innovation range in order to enhance the resilience as well as productivity of the organizations. Conclusion Reforms in agricultural industries enhanced GDP growth and employment rate of Australia. Implementation of policies by the Australian government also helped the farmers in improving their skills in business. However, the Australian farmers became highly productive and influential in giving up protection of government. In addition, the Australian government also supported their farmers in managing price risks in the markets. Therefore, it can be concluded that reforms in this sector expanded this industry and improved the financial condition of the farmers. References Bramley, R. and Trengove, S., 2013. Precision agriculture in Australia: present status and recent developments.Engenharia Agrcola,33(3), pp.575-588. Fuglie, K.O., Wang, S.L. and Ball, V.E. eds., 2012.Productivity growth in agriculture: an international perspective. CABI. Hochman, Z., Carberry, P.S., Robertson, M.J., Gaydon, D.S., Bell, L.W. and McIntosh, P.C., 2013. Prospects for ecological intensification of Australian agriculture.European Journal of Agronomy,44, pp.109-123. Lawrence, G., Richards, C. and Lyons, K., 2013. Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change.Journal of Rural Studies,29, pp.30-39. Oecd.org. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/tad/events/Mr.%20Merrilees_Agricultural%20productivity%20growth%20reforms%20opportunities.pdf [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Puri, M., Abraham, R.E. and Barrow, C.J., 2012. Biofuel production: prospects, challenges and feedstock in Australia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(8), pp.6022-6031. Rickards, L. and Howden, S.M., 2012. Transformational adaptation: agriculture and climate change.Crop and Pasture Science,63(3), pp.240-250. Sheng, Y., Zhao, S., Nossal, K. and Zhang, D., 2015. Productivity and farm size in Australian agriculture: reinvestigating the returns to scale.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,59(1), pp.16-38. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017). Australia GDP From Agriculture | 1974-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-from-agriculture [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Willer, H. and Lernoud, J., 2016.The world of organic agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends 2016(pp. 1-336). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM Organics International.

Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratio and Account Principles free essay sample

Accounting Principles and Concepts Business Entity the business is seen as a separate entity from its owner(s). Going Concern – this concept assumes that the entity will continue to operate in the foreseeable future, unless there is a clear evidence to the contrary. The balance sheet and profit and loss account on the basis that the assets will not be liquidated but have a continuing value to the business. Periodicity – the final accounts of the company, i.e. income statements (profit and loss account), balance sheet and, for larger companies, cash flow statements, have to be prepared on an annual basis. Money Measurement – transactions are recorded in money terms. Financial statements are drawn up with all revenues, expenses, assets and liability similarly express. Historical Cost assets, liabilities and expenses are all entered into the books of accounts at their actual cost to the business. Materiality – information is material if it could influence user’s decisions on the basis of the financial statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratio and Account Principles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Duality – the double entry system is fundamental to accounting. Every entry into the accounts has twofold effect. Every time something is received, something is given; for every debit there is a credit. Realisation profit on a transaction is realised when the legal title of the goods has been transferred, the vendor then has a legal right to the receipt of the money. Matching costs are matched with revenues in a given accounting period. Accruals revenues and costs are recorded in the accounts as they are incurred, not as they are received or paid. Objectivity accounts should be: factual, free from bias, and verifiable.

Synthesis Paper on Rap Music free essay sample

Music on Teenagers I strongly believe that you need to give your children the freedom to make their own choices in the paths they take in their lives. If you dont they might rebel and make poor choices that can lead to a poor lifestyle. Although you do have to step in every once in a while but I believe you need to make these interferences in their lives a very rare occasion. For instance when it comes to negative rap music and their videos; I believe a parent needs to step in and explain to the child why they shouldnt attach this type of music video or listen to this type of music.And also shield the child to the best of their power. According to the article The Impact of Rap and Hip-Hop Music on American Youth written by abjection; Rap music has a negative effect on Americas youth. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis Paper on Rap Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the article abjection talks about a study done which they took 700; 15 year olds and one third of them listened to sexually explicit rap music and two thirds listened to degrading music about sex. Each child was asked about their sexual thoughts after listening to the music and almost all of them had degrading Houghton about sex.Rap music videos also have an impact on sexual ideas young teens have about the opposite sex according to the article written by Sarah Hopkins called The Negative impact of music videos. Sexy dancing moves and sexy styles are catching the attention of young teenage girls and these young girls are then imitating these dance moves and the sexy way to dress and are sending the wrong message to young teenage boys. It doesnt take much for these young teenage boys with their high hormone levels to get sexually explicit ideas in their heads.Some of these naggers act on these Ideas which lead to premarital sex and can lead to diseases and infections. In the artic le Rap Musics psychological effects by Jennifer Copley she states that In a study teenage boys who listened to or read rap music with sexually explicit lyrics were more openly to express their adversarial sexual beliefs. Another study found that young women who watched a rap video with a woman in a sexual subordinate role were more likely to accept violence in their dating relationship. Rap artists usually also rap about drugs and alcohol.Abjection said if it is a drug the adolescent has not heard of they may become curious and try it. He also states how many rap artist become advertisers of alcohol and teenagers who looks up to these rappers see them endorsing this beverage and think it is cool so they may become more susceptible to start drinking. Copley believes that although after starting to listen and view rap videos there is a rise in adolescent drug and alcohol abuse; that the problem starts before the rap music Is Introduced Into the childs life.This shows Copley that the music doesnt influence the drugs and alcohol. Rap lyrics that talk about violence can be a trigger for young adolescents to become violent. Abjection believes that the violent lyrics rap music holds can be a gateway for teens to start fighting, stealing, or even kill. A lot of adolescents who live see violence in their daily lives; and hearing the violent lyrics may make them act out violently. Copley believes more so that it isnt the lyrics but the violent music videos which cause teenagers to act out violently.The videos cause the teenagers to act out violently especially among women. They also cause teenagers to idealize materialistic hinges and when they dont have the money to buy them they usually go out and steal and some of those crimes they will use violence. An example would be using a gun or a knife to commit the crime. Hopkins also agrees that the lyrics and the videos instill the power of violence in young impressionable minds. Hopkins has a couple examples from people who have done experiments with the effect of violent lyrics on young minds and each study came up with different theories.One said there wasnt enough evidence to link it, another one said there is enough evidence, and the there felt like the lyrics combined with outside factors can lead to violent actions. According to Copley there has been a study that proves that rap music lowers a students academics. But there was also another study done showing that white students who watched rap music videos were getting better grades academically and also showed that they were more willing to accept a black liberal as a politician.Hopkins believes that the rap videos can interfere with academics because sometimes the students start almost becoming obsessed with the videos and the sic and start slipping in their school work. Also they may start to act out the violence in the videos which can lead to missing school. Abjection didnt say anything about the effects on academics with teenagers who listen to or watch rap videos; but he did state teenagers who listen to rap are more prone to using slang words in their daily lives. He believes the reason for this is they here the slang in the rap songs and the teenagers look up to those rap artists; so therefore they start using the slang in their daily lives. The problem with them using the slang all the time is hey start forgetting what is grammatically correct and start not Just talking like it but writing in slang. In a way it shows that it can affect their academics. Copley states that there has been a study to prove that listening to rap has not been linked to suicidal ideation, anxiety, or affect a persons self-esteem.But oddly listening to non-violent rap songs showed an increase in depression symptoms. Abjection believes that rap music does put negative thoughts in a adolescents head and may cause depressive thoughts and suicidal thoughts. Abjection thinks that retainer low income African American males who may have access to guns may be more at risk for the suicidal thoughts or suicidal attempts which can all be tied back to listening to rap and watch ing violent rap videos. According to Hopkins there has been correlation with teenagers watching these rap videos and then very shortly after they commit suicide; but the music is not usually the culprit according to Hopkins. It usually has other factors like despair and if a teenager is accessible to guns or has issues with drug abuse. But Hopkins also agrees that the music videos an show young men and women in perfect shape which can lead to body issues.The issues they can cause are issues such as, anorexia or bulimia which can lead to no self-worth or respect which can lead to suicidal thoughts or suicidal attempts. All of these writers agree that rap can also be used for positive things. Abjection believes that rap artists that use nonviolent lyrics and who rap about positive things that more rap artists should rap about more positive things so the kids do have a more positive role model. Abjection also believes they dont need to use so much Lang, violence, sexual innuendoes, or vulgar language. According to Copley it isnt so much the lyrics that give a negative impact on the young kids but the violent and sexually vulgar material the music videos hold. She believes that if they Just stop making the music videos then there wouldnt be a problem with rap music anymore. Hopkins believes that although rap music videos have their positive attributes and can be educational she has a hard time finding the positives in the rap music. And Hopkins believes that the negatives outweigh the positives. I believe that rap artists are to blame and not the music.The artist should not be trying to sell the vulgar stuff to the youth of our country. It is some of the cause for the violence, sexually crazed teenagers, body image problems, and drug and alcohol use in the youth of America. Overall I believe that the artist should still be able to make that kind of music Just not try to sell it to young teenagers. They should sell things that can educate our kids on the right choices they can make in their life and not always focus on the negative. Maybe Just maybe a rap artist can be a positive role model.

Free Essays on J.F.K

J.F.K. Assassination If Lee Harvey Oswald killed J.F.K. and it wasn’t a conspiracy, then why is the government still withholding reports done on the assassination from the public’s eyes, in the FBI’s possession? President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 on November 22. He was elected president in 1961. First he was a senator. Then he went straight from Capitol Hill to the White House. Robert Kennedy was attorney general and was J. F. K.'s brother. He was head of the investigation of the assassination after Kennedy was killed. Both Robert and J. F. K. knew that people wanted to kill them. J. F. K. didn’t worry about it. Robert thought it would have been him to get killed first, not his brother. Robert encouraged his brother to sign three anti-crime bills. The bills targeted organized crime. They were used to stop gambling or at least crack down on it. The government didn’t approve of the crack down on the mob that was in America. Teddy Kennedy loved busting the Mafia. People like Jimmy Hoffa. Even Frank Sinatra became close friends with Teddy, even made trips to the White House. After the assassination Robert carried on the bills and got killed also. In 1962 Cuba was known to have missiles from the Soviet Union in Cuba. They thought Cuba or the Soviet Union would make a nuclear strike. Accused of helping the soviet union wage war on the U.S., enemies were made. Neither the FBI nor the CIA approved of getting into the Vietnam War. They didn’t approve of any of the president’s decisions. There were three shots, even a possible four. Some people think that the last shot was one from an agent’s gun going off into J.F.K.’s head after reacting to the shots. The first shot missed. The second shot hit J.F.K.’s shoulder, back, and throat; and Connally’s shoulder, wrist, and leg. But how could one bullet travel with that much force to go through all of that flesh? The third shot was fatal to... Free Essays on J.F.K Free Essays on J.F.K J.F.K. Assassination If Lee Harvey Oswald killed J.F.K. and it wasn’t a conspiracy, then why is the government still withholding reports done on the assassination from the public’s eyes, in the FBI’s possession? President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 on November 22. He was elected president in 1961. First he was a senator. Then he went straight from Capitol Hill to the White House. Robert Kennedy was attorney general and was J. F. K.'s brother. He was head of the investigation of the assassination after Kennedy was killed. Both Robert and J. F. K. knew that people wanted to kill them. J. F. K. didn’t worry about it. Robert thought it would have been him to get killed first, not his brother. Robert encouraged his brother to sign three anti-crime bills. The bills targeted organized crime. They were used to stop gambling or at least crack down on it. The government didn’t approve of the crack down on the mob that was in America. Teddy Kennedy loved busting the Mafia. People like Jimmy Hoffa. Even Frank Sinatra became close friends with Teddy, even made trips to the White House. After the assassination Robert carried on the bills and got killed also. In 1962 Cuba was known to have missiles from the Soviet Union in Cuba. They thought Cuba or the Soviet Union would make a nuclear strike. Accused of helping the soviet union wage war on the U.S., enemies were made. Neither the FBI nor the CIA approved of getting into the Vietnam War. They didn’t approve of any of the president’s decisions. There were three shots, even a possible four. Some people think that the last shot was one from an agent’s gun going off into J.F.K.’s head after reacting to the shots. The first shot missed. The second shot hit J.F.K.’s shoulder, back, and throat; and Connally’s shoulder, wrist, and leg. But how could one bullet travel with that much force to go through all of that flesh? The third shot was fatal to...

The challenges facing the deployment and use of IT for the development Literature review

The challenges facing the deployment and use of IT for the development of public sector in Saudi Arabia - Literature review Example Majority of the people have expressed disbelief in the Saudi Arabia’s capability to transform the government towards accountability and transparency; the e-government could offer a solution in the country that is faced with deep rooted bureaucracy (Al-Jboori, Gharaibeh and Sahraoui 2006, p6). There are a number of challenges that the government of Saudi Arabia face in the deployment and implementation of IT in the public sector and they include; (a) government transformation and reform, (b) e-Citizen participation, (c) citizen access, security and privacy, (d) management of the e-government program, (e) evaluation, transparency, accountability, (f) soft and cultural barriers, and (g) the interoperability of the e-government platforms (Al-Jboori, Gharaibeh and Sahraoui 2006, p11). The rationale for the project is to identify the major obstacles or challenges that face the government of Saudi Arabia in the deployment and use of IT in the development of the public sector. Saudi A rabia is among the developing nations and the risks that are associated with the deployment of IT differ from those in the developed nations; these risks are associated with organizational and cultural factors (International Resources Management Association 2002, p36). Aim To analyze the level of IT development in Saudi Arabia To establish the level to which IT is applied in the public sector in Saudi Arabia To identify the main challenges in the deployment and the use of IT in the development of the public sector. To come up with tangible methods that can be used to alleviate these challenges. Tasks Research data is usually categorized as secondary and primary data. Primary data is developed by the researcher through the use of the data gathering techniques and secondary data is usually generated by others and it includes case materials, manual database, computer database, government departments, public organizations, and data-sets. There are a number of approaches that are used to collect data. The nature of the variables and the research questions determine the choice of the strategy for the collection of data (DeMatteo, Festinger and Marczyk 2010, n.p.). Preliminary preparations and obtaining Permissions Preliminary analysis of the public sector will be done; the preliminary analysis will be in the form of a pilot study. The analysis will entail finding suitable places (the places presumed to offer the required information) and in this case is the public sector. The number of respondents for this research is 50 people and they will be chosen randomly from the different sections of the public sector. These people have to be directly involved with issues concerning IT. Since the public sector is diverse, there are some institutions that restrict the collection of research data. A written consent or permission will have to be obtained from these institutions in the public sector. Data Collection For this research, both the primary and secondary will provide u seful information regarding the public sector in Saudi Arabia. The primary data will be collected from the researcher and the secondary data will be collected from the publications made by the government departments and in particular the department that is responsible for IT. Another important primary and

Management Case Study on Sara Lee Corp Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management on Sara Lee Corp - Case Study Example What is your assessment of the long-term attractiveness of the industries represented by Sara Lee Corp’s business portfolio? Sara Lee Corp is represented in four industries: packaged meat products, retail coffee and tea, bakery products and household and body care products. In two of this industries, packaged meat products and retail coffee and tea, Sara Lee had huge market shares that is could leverage to sustain its profitability and thus retain their attractiveness. In the packaged meat industry Sara Lee held huge market shares in several categories within North America: 30% smoked sausage, 23% hotdogs, 14% lunch meat and 58% breakfast sausage (Thompson & Gamble, 2010). Given the aging of the US population and general mean rise in per capita incomes, we expect the demand for convenience food to remain high. In retail coffee and tea, Sara Lee held huge market shares in the US, a few European countries and Brazil. Furthermore, it also sold the most single-serving coffeemake rs in Europe. With the global retail coffee market expected to grow from $51billion in 2009 to $62 billion in 2013 we can presume the industry will remain very attractive to Sara Lee. The bakery products success was limited to Spain and the US. With Spain’s economy doing poorly and huge costs incurred in the US while to secure shelf space in US supermarkets we find the long-term attractiveness of this industry to be low. In the household and body care industry Sara Lee’s Kiwi harbors the greatest potential to long-term attractiveness given that it was the number one shoe care brand worldwide with a global market share of 30%. We believe that the firm could use the income it obtains from Kiwi to sustain the brand’s competitive advantage. What does a 9-cell industry attractiveness/business strength matrix displaying Sara Lee’s business units look like? What is your assessment of the competitive strength of Sara Lee Corp’s different business units? Sa ra Lee’s North American Retail division, North American Foodservice division and International Beverage divisions all have very high competitive strength largely because they have strong portfolio of market leading brands within industries that have been projected to grow in future. The global retail coffee market is expected to grow from $51-62 billion by 2013, and with ageing populations in US and Europe, we expect the demand for convenience food to also rise. We also see the company innovating in the meat business (e.g. in meat slicing) and offering complimentary products in its coffee business (single-serve coffee machines). Sara Lee could leverage its market share as bargaining power over its suppliers and customers or enter into alliances to strengthen it further. On the other hand, the North American Fresh Bakery division, International Bakery and the International Household and Body Care divisions are not as convincingly as strong as the other three divisions. North A merican Fresh Bakery has well performing brands and strong market share however; we are informed that its revenue arose when the company negotiated for increased shelf space at supermarkets and other selling stores. Assuming that â€Å"negotiating† for more shelf space implies extra costs we would expect less profits accruing to the company in this arrangement. The fact that Sara Lee has to negotiate for extra shelf space to improve its revenues lowers this division’

Your Brain on fiction and The Mighty Mathematician Youve Never Heard Essay

Your Brain on fiction and The Mighty Mathematician Youve Never Heard Of - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Annie Murphy Paul wrote the first article and it was published on 17 March 2012. It was entitled Your Brain on fiction. Despite, the evolution of digital devices, the fiction that is derived from reading novels is not completely dead. There is a group of individuals who have completely devoted themselves to the understanding of fiction through neuroscience. Annie writes that they have developed brain scans that reveal what happens in the brain when people read detailed information in the books or even articles in the newspaper, evocative character or an emotional exchange between characters in a movie or a book or even a magazine interview. Stories have affected the way people act or even the way they view certain situations in life. It was discovered that some of these stories stimulate the brain in a manner that directs the brain to do certain things in accordance to what it was stimulated to do. Researchers and scientists have always known the Brocaâ₠¬â„¢s area and Wernicke’s area as the regions of the brain responsible for interpreting motor speech and written data respectively. However, it has been noted over the past few years that other brain parts are also stimulated when one reads a book, by so doing making the experience of reading feel very real in the eyes of the reader. According to scientists, there are words such as lavender, perfume or cinnamon that may stimulate the parts of the brain responsible for smelling.... udy, a cognitive scientist Veronique Boulanger, claims that the use of sentences such as â€Å"Terry grasped the object† or â€Å"Peter kicked the ball† stimulated the motor cortex which is responsible for the coordination of the bodily movements. What’s more, the brain seems not to differentiate the experience it gets through reading and real life, this is because the same neurological regions are stimulated in each case. A University Professor of Psychology at the University of Toronto stated that the reading produces stimulation of reality. These fictional stories and novels are just are essential in describing life’s social and emotional situation (Dwight 65). Most importantly, Annie wanted to bring out the idea that most of these stimulations that the brain receives have been evident by reading about them in books that have good descriptions of the movements, smells and actions of characters in the books or articles. Another article is The Mighty Math ematician You’ve Never Heard Of, which was written by Natalie Angier and published by the New York Times on March 26, 2012. This article talks about a mathematician who has been almost anonymous for over a decade for a theory that explains so many other theories in physics. Einstein also described her as the most significant and creative female of all time. She invented a theory that unites two very common theories in physics, which include the Theory of symmetry in nature and that of the Universal laws of conservation. Noethers’s theory has been classified as important as that of by Einstein (Theory of relativity). Despite the significance of her works, she has remained unknown to the people. A physicist in Drexel University has carried a research and written about her works. He did a poll that he noted many

Marketing Politico

Marketing Politico INTRODUCCIÓN Actualmente nos preocupamos en asociar la marca de un producto o servicio con la imagen del mismo; somos crà ­ticos en este sentido que hasta, muchas veces sin querer, evaluamos las campaà ±as que se hayan desarrollado para estos mismos y vemos como nos influencian las distintas publicidades que se realizan en los medios. Todo esto conlleva a un tà ©rmino, el Marketing, el cual ayuda a conocer lo que verdaderamente desean las personas y como hacer que ellas nos elijan entre las demà ¡s. Es asà ­ que nace el Marketing polà ­tico, que competente a la investigacià ³n exhaustiva que se puede dar para generar un plan, una buena imagen pà ºblica, un buen departamento de marketing de un partido e innumerables caracterà ­sticas que se ven involucradas en este tema de mucha importancia para el triunfo electoral y la continuidad del mismo. En esta monografà ­a tendremos conocimiento de informacià ³n importante. Como podemos comprobarlo desde el primer capà ­tulo, el cual es referente al marketing polà ­tico en sà ­, luego un pequeà ±o contraste que se darà ¡ con el marketing comercial y tambià ©n la especializacià ³n o profesionalizacià ³n de los asesores de campaà ±a caracterizando en ellos tres rasgos importantes a detallar. Continuando con ello se explicarà ¡ cà ³mo es la organizacià ³n del departamento de Marketing en un partido polà ­tico y como es que se debe llevar para que las estrategias que se quieran aplicar se puedan hacer. Todo ello nos serà ¡ fà ¡cil de entender mediante los diversos grà ¡ficos que se presentarà ¡n, conociendo las necesidades a nivel de servicios ejecutivos y de servicios de asesorà ­a, en el departamento antes mencionado. Le sigue el tercer capà ­tulo en el cual se abarcan las tà ©cnicas de venta polà ­tica, el cual ayudarà ¡ al candidato, o, si es mal aplicada puede no favorecerlo, sobre todo este à ºltimo se puede dar si existe algà ºn tipo de negativismo sea en el partido, en el mercado polà ­tico o en el mismo candidato; es recomendable que se sepa vender en actos pà ºblicos. Seguidamente le acompaà ±a a las tà ©cnicas de venta polà ­tica el cuarto capà ­tulo importante que es la publicidad polà ­tica, donde explica lo mas importante en la publicidad de un partido que es el mensaje que debe vender al pà ºblico y seguidores, junto a los diseà ±os visuales y los medios que se usaran para hacer de la publicidad su fuerte en las elecciones que participen; cabe recalcar que en el mundo moderno y cambiante en que vivimos no lo podemos dejar de lado o incluirlo en otra parte como si no fuera trascendental. La publicidad en la Internet es muy importante e influyente mà ¡s aà ºn en las redes sociales. Finalmente el quinto capà ­tulo el cual es un complemento de los capà ­tulos anteriores, en el cual se encontrarà ¡ informacià ³n complementaria sobre las campaà ±as electorales. Tambià ©n se describirà ¡ la publicidad que se debe utilizar junto con estrategias de campaà ±a a desarrollar; en este mismo se insertarà ¡n muchas de las ideas mencionadas a lo largo de la monografà ­a. A travà ©s de este trabajo se entenderà ¡ el marketing polà ­tico desde sus conceptos hasta su explicacià ³n del porque se da. Como por ejemplo nos recuerdan que â€Å"el marketing polà ­tico es un juego disputado en la mente del elector. Quien gana ese juego, triunfa en la polà ­tica.† (Zepeda, 2002) CAPà TULO I. MARKETING POLà TICO El Marketing se enfoca en el anà ¡lisis de los gustos que realmente tienen los consumidores pretendiendo establecer sus necesidades y deseos; generando asà ­ una influencia en el comportamiento y sobre todo en las decisiones que estos desean realizar. (Microsoft ® Student, 2010) Siendo ello tambià ©n se afirma que el marketing polà ­tico es un producto de la segunda mitad del siglo XX; cabe precisar que en su mayorà ­a los autores nos mencionan ni explican una definicià ³n exacta referente al Marketing pues estos se evocan mas en las tà ©cnicas y estrategias que se pueden dar, para asà ­ obtener las necesidades y gustos (no siempre reales) de las personas y satisfacerlos con estas tà ©cnicas o estrategias; tambià ©n sirve para generar nuevas necesidades. Sin embargo se puede inferir que el marketing polà ­tico es el conjunto de todas estas tà ©cnicas de investigacià ³n, planificacià ³n y comunicacià ³n que nos mencionan pero aplicadas hacia una campaà ±a polà ­tica con las tà ¡cticas correspondientes para las elecciones. 1.1. MARKETING POLITà CO VS MARKETING COMERCIAL Antiguamente se creà ­a que el marketing polà ­tico y el comercial eran iguales; sin embargo luego de anà ¡lisis se pudo inferior que son distintos y no se puede decir que es igual pero sà ­ similares. Si bien es cierto en los dos tipos se tiene que ofrecer algo hacia unas personas y ayudarse de estrategias para que acepten en el primer caso a un candidato y en el segundo a un producto o servicio. La persuasià ³n que las personas tengan hacia los candidatos es distinta debido a que cada uno piensa desde diferentes enfoques, pues al candidato que elijan estarà ¡ en un cargo determinado por un periodo mà ­nimo (como si fuera un contrato forzoso) y el producto o servicio si ya no lo desean lo pueden cambiar o descartar cuando quieran. 1.2. ESPECIALIZACIÓN Con el transcurrir del tiempo los especialistas en el marketing polà ­tico se han ido implementando en ciertos partidos polà ­ticos, como es de saberse antes se tenà ­an miembros del partido en cargos importantes; sin embargo estos no eran los mà ¡s idà ³neos para el cargo que le correspondiera. Dado los partidos se dieron cuenta que necesitaban gente mà ¡s especializada se inicio la seleccià ³n de personas en cargos que necesitan tener conocimientos fundamentales. En ello se seleccionaba a los especialistas en marketing y tambià ©n en marketing polà ­tico (en ese entonces eran pocos) con lo que se fueron especializando en dicha rama polà ­tica y todo ello avanzando a la par con la tecnologà ­a de las comunicacià ³n y se especializan en cada etapa especifica de la campaà ±a que desarrollen. Es por ello que Lourdes Martà ­n nos comenta que â€Å"hay tres rasgos que caracterizan la profesionalizacià ³n del marketing polà ­tico: la especializacià ³n, la ausencia de afiliacià ³n o lealtad partidista y la existencia de formacià ³n ajena al partido para aprender el oficio† (Salgado, 2002) CAPITULO 2. ORGANIZACIÓN DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE MARKETING DE UN PARTIDO POLà TICO Como vimos en el capà ­tulo anterior, referente a la especializacià ³n, donde se tiene mucha importancia con el tipo de persona que integre los cargos del partido; es lo que conlleva a generarle mayor importancia a la organizacià ³n del partido y sobre todo en el departamento de Marketing donde debe estar todo integrado y contar con diversa acciones y tà ©cnicas. En este departamento debe de esta formador por ciertos servicios ejecutivos y tambià ©n unos de asesorà ­a (tal como lo vemos en la Ilustracià ³n 1); entre los servicios ejecutivos encontramos el servicio de Anà ¡lisis Electoral, de Actos Pà ºblicos, de Publicidad Polà ­tica, de Relaciones Pà ºblicas y Comunicacià ³n, de Formacià ³n y Entrenamiento, de Logà ­stica y el Servicio Financiero; dentro del servicio de Asesorà ­a se encuentra el Servicio de Asesorà ­a Jurà ­dica, de Informacià ³n y Documentacià ³n y tambià ©n el Servicio de Planificacià ³n y Control. Ilustracià ³n 1 Organizacià ³n del Departamento de Marketing Polà ­tico Fuente: (Saiz, Marketing Polà ­tico, 2003) 2.1. SERVICIO DE ANà LISIS ELECTORAL En este servicio se tiene que verificar la informacià ³n, que esta sea correcta, para que se pueda lograr el objetivo cuando se tomen las decisiones. Por lo cual se dan funciones importantes como es el analizar los perfiles tipo de los electores, establecer con ello los segmentos del mercado meta ayudà ¡ndose de los intereses del partido, tambià ©n se encarga de prever la cantidad de votos que puede tener en determinadas elecciones. Todo ello se puede ver en la organizacià ³n de este servicio de anà ¡lisis, que tiene como consecuencia la produccià ³n, documentacià ³n, investigacià ³n de campo y los servicios comunes que se reflejan en la ilustracià ³n 2 donde nos damos cuenta que se relacionan debido a que uno es consecuente al otro. Ilustracià ³n 2 Servicio de Anà ¡lisis Electoral Fuente: (Saiz, Marketing Polà ­tico, 2003) 2.1.1. PRODUCCIÓN En el servicio de anà ¡lisis Electoral se tiene que iniciar por la produccià ³n, dentro del cual se detallan tres partes muy importantes de esta à ¡rea si asà ­ la deseamos llamar, primero, el planificar, luego, el ejecutar y por à ºltimo el analizar. Iniciando la Produccià ³n se debe planificar todo lo que se va a realizar referente al estudio de mercado junto con las tà ©cnicas y mà ©todos que se usaran, las personas que lo realizaran, cuà ¡nto demandara, cuà ¡ndo se realizarà ¡ (todo previamente cronometrado en el tiempo), materiales que se necesitarà ¡n y usarà ¡n, y, las instrucciones a los entrevistadores (con ayuda de materiales grà ¡ficos que faciliten el entendimiento). Seguidamente se da la ejecucià ³n de lo planeado anteriormente en dos partes la documental y la de investigacià ³n; en la primera se realizan estudios estadà ­sticos en cual nos brinden informacià ³n sobre la parte interna y externa del partido polà ­tico; en segunda parte se ve el anà ¡lisis del campo lo que se obtuvo gracias a los cuestionarios, evaluando la muestra de los potenciales electores. Finalmente en la produccià ³n se analizan los resultados que se obtuvieron en todos los procesos para que se pueda informar debidamente al director del departamento, dando una copia al à ¡rea de asesorà ­a (servicio de informacià ³n y documentacià ³n) para que den ideas en las acciones de marketing a tomar por el partido; en este informe se adjuntaran los grà ¡ficos, aportes adicionales y memorà ¡ndum con las recomendaciones. 2.1.2. DOCUMENTACIÓN Esta à ¡rea està ¡ encargada de verificar como es que va el candidato mediante los sondeos, ya sea interna o externamente. Cabe recalcar que dicha informacià ³n debe estar archivada y correctamente ordenada para que si posteriormente otra à ¡rea necesite la informacià ³n la pueda tomar con facilidad para analizar las estrategias. Tambià ©n es su obligacià ³n de tener informacià ³n de otras fuentes ya sean pà ºblicas o privadas que demuestren valores importantes para el partido polà ­tico. 2.1.3. INVESTIGACIÓN DE CAMPO Esta es el à ¡rea mà ¡s importante, puesto que es la que se dedica a analizar los resultados que se puedan obtener del mercado electoral; su trabajo està ¡ subdividido en dos à ¡reas, la cualitativa, sobre las reuniones en grupo que realizan y la cuantitativa sobre los distintos sondeos de opinià ³n para que obtengan datos estadà ­sticos. Normalmente se tienen de uno a dos responsables de todo el trabajo (và ©ase ilustracià ³n 3), siendo las encuestas realizadas preferentemente por personas del partido (para que no tergiversen los datos). Ilustracià ³n 3 Trabajo de campo Fuente: (Barranco Saiz, 2003) 2.1.4. SERVICIOS COMUNES Son los cuales les corresponden a todos los grupos pues es acerca de los cuestionarios y los resultados que estos puedan otorgar; para poder prever los votos que se puedan obtener en las elecciones. 2.2. SERVICIOS DE ACTOS PÚBLICOS Se da en tres actividades concretas, la primera es la Planificacià ³n de los actos pà ºblicos, en el cual se tienen que verificar, evaluar y designar todo que està © relacionado con el mitin programando una especie de agenda o fichero donde se detalle los lugares disponibles para el mismo. Cabe recalcar que el orden de prioridad de los locales se da de forma ascendente para los que està ©n completamente disponibles y gratuitos. Tambià ©n se encuentra la planificacià ³n de necesidades de materiales que contribuyan con la presentacià ³n del local y lo correspondiente a la obtencià ³n de permisos y autorizaciones para poder realizar estos encuentros pà ºblicos. La Ejecucià ³n es la segunda actividad que se realiza en este campo el cual consta de la comprobacià ³n de lo que se realizà ³ en la primera actividad verificar si la informacià ³n es real. Esta persona serà ¡ el jefe del acto especà ­fico que se realice y tendrà ¡ que coordinar con miembros del partido que residan en el lugar donde se realizara el mitin. Entre los servicios de actos pà ºblicos se encuentran los servicios especiales se le denomina asà ­ puesto que tienen por misià ³n controlar todo el desarrollo del evento como la seguridad, el orden (interno y externo al local), la venta de objetos relacionados al partido, ubicacià ³n de los asistentes y la organizacià ³n de los oradores. 2.3. SERVICIOS DE PUBLICIDAD POLà TICA Se basa en los estudios que haya realizado el servicio de Anà ¡lisis conforme a la evaluacià ³n a los electores sobre el partido y acerca de los que compite. Tiene grupos de trabajo el primero es la planificacià ³n en la cual se determinan los objetivos publicitarios y la campaà ±a a nivel nacional, regional o local; junto con las fechas de plazos a realizar y el presupuesto. Otros grupos del servicio de publicidad polà ­tica se encuentran los Medios son los que adecuan los deseos hacia los medios que se tienen y contratando la aparicià ³n de la publicidad en distintos medios. Continuando la produccià ³n se encarga de hacer realidad lo que se planificà ³ pues su labor es poner la campaà ±a en marcha con el material necesario para ello. Y por à ºltimo el Control es el que controla la campaà ±a tà ©cnicamente pues verifica lo que se publicarà ¡ y cuà ¡ndo se realizarà ¡. 2.4. SERVICIO DE RELACIONES PÚBLICAS Y COMUNICATIVAS Tiene tres actividades principales como el mantenimiento del banco de datos de medios de comunicacià ³n social, en el cual se ve la base de informacià ³n actual de la prensa en fichas explicativas. La siguiente actividad es la relacià ³n con dichos medios en los cuales se tienen los contactos y actos pà ºblicos sobre el candidato para luego publicarlo. Y por à ºltimo la redaccià ³n de textos electorales que tengan interà ©s en la campaà ±a electoral que se realiza y creacià ³n de nuevos artà ­culos que se podrà ¡n enviar a distintos medios adecuà ¡ndolo a las caracterà ­sticas del mercado electoral. 2.5. SERVICIO DE FORMACIÓN Y ENTRENAMIENTO Ilustracià ³n 4 Servicio de Formacià ³n y Entrenamiento Fuente: (Barranco Saiz, 2003) CAPITULO 3. TÉCNICAS DE VENTA POLà TICA En este capà ­tulo como el titulo menciona se abordarà ¡ acerca de las tà ©cnicas de venta polà ­tica que serà ¡n utilizadas por el candidato para que pueda convencer a las personas a que lo elijan (que voten por à ©l), aplicadas tambià ©n en lugares pà ºblicos tambià ©n cuenta la imagen que darà ¡n en debates o reuniones pà ºblicas; todo ello puede maximizar los votos como tambià ©n contraerlos. La reduccià ³n de los votantes se da por algà ºn tipo de negativismo que se dà ©, ya sea por parte del partido en sà ­, pudiendo ser por la mala imagen que puedan estar dando en ese momento mà ¡s que nada por ideas que no concuerden con la realidad o necesidades de los votantes; tambià ©n puede ser el negativismo del mercado polà ­tico por ideas que el elector creà ­a sobre el partido pero como no se las resolvieron tiene cierto rechazo por el mismo o tambià ©n porque cree que no concuerdan con sus ideas. Por à ºltimo se puede dar el negativismo del mismo candidato, el cual se da frecuentemente, sea un negativismo verbal en el cual tiene problemas de comunicacià ³n oral o con ciertas frases no motiva al pà ºblico, tambià ©n puede darse un negativismo fà ­sico con los gestos que pueden afectar al pà ºblico. 3.1. TÉCNICA AIDA Esta tà ©cnica cuenta con cuatro fases bien definidas, las cuales son la de atencià ³n, interà ©s, deseo y accià ³n; para poder tener la nocià ³n de dicha tà ©cnica podemos ver en la ilustracià ³n 5 lo que conllevan los niveles como la captacià ³n de la atencià ³n, captacià ³n del interà ©s, logro del deseo, remate de la accià ³n. Todo ello relacionado con la preparacià ³n del discurso los mà ©todos a usar y el contraste que se da en muchos momentos. La fase de atencià ³n es el intentar captar toda la atencià ³n posible hacia à ©l psicolà ³gicamente puesto que la atencià ³n fà ­sica que pueda tener siempre es momentà ¡nea preparando asà ­ los discursos ideales para la captacià ³n del votante con temas de interà ©s y enfocado al grupo social que va dirigido en ese momento; tambià ©n se debe despertar la atencià ³n si alguno no la tuviese y mantener la de todos frente a ellos. Para generar esa atencià ³n muchas veces se valen de ciertas tà ©cnicas como el comentar una noticia actual de interà ©s mutuo, felicitar a los participantes por algo que hayan logrado y por lo que hayan apoyado en el partido, vincular temas con el lema de la campaà ±a polà ­tica, aà ±adir momentos de silencio en los discursos que se dan agregando cierta persuasià ³n a indispuesto por breves segundos. Se debe confeccionar una pequeà ±a agenda con el esquema que se realizara en esa fecha y los ofrecimientos que se vincularà ¡n para que se pueda generar la participacià ³n del pà ºblico que se encuentre en ese momento. Ilustracià ³n 5. Relacià ³n de la tà ©cnica Aida Frente a los votantes Elaboracià ³n: Propia Fuentes: (Barranco Saiz, 2003) 3.2. ARGUMENTARIO POLà TICO Y PERSUACIÓN Es la exposicià ³n verbal de las ventajas que sustenten el motivo por el cual los electores dan su voto. Se aà ±aden las frases que motivan a los votantes, cualidades del partido, nivel de los votantes y la situacià ³n sociopolà ­tica. El lenguaje que se deben utilizar debe ser directo, claro y contundente. La voz del orador debe ser clara, pausada, evitar frases largas, tener buena vocalizacià ³n y pronunciar bien. Los argumentos a utilizar pueden ser informativos que suelen ser neutros y no siempre son adecuados para transmitir ideas polà ­ticas; là ³gicos porque se puede tener conclusiones para ello las personas deben estar intelectual y psicolà ³gicamente preparados, que son à ºtiles para personas de menor nivel cultural. La persuasià ³n es un proceso en el cual se intenta influir en las motivaciones que tenga una persona, y esto se logre a travà ©s del mensaje del candidato polà ­tico. 3.3. ACTOS PÚBLICOS El acto pà ºblico mà ¡s importante es el mitin sin embargo no es la à ºnica en cual el partido debe dedicar sus esfuerzos; cuantitativamente hablando son poco eficaces puesto que la muestra puede ser muy pequeà ±a o quizà ¡s poco referencial, sin embargo ayuda a animarlos desinteresadamente al marketing polà ­tico, para que asà ­ se vuelvan colaboradores indirectamente. Se debe considerar el local, los oradores, la audiencia, los informadores y el servicio de seguridad en la realizacià ³n de un mitin. CAPà TULO IV. LAS CAMPAÑAS ELECTORALES Para tener una buena campaà ±a, el polà ­tico debe poder organizase para que pueda estar verificando la misma con distintas formas de comunicacià ³n. Lograremos entender lo que realmente es la publicidad polà ­tica, cà ³mo es que se estructura una campaà ±a, que tiene como consecuencia una estructura que va a la par con el plan general que se tenga estipulada para la campaà ±a y evaluar tres puntos importantes: la sede central, la financiacià ³n y el personal que formara parte de esta referida campaà ±a. 4.1. PUBLICIDAD POLà TICA Es una herramienta que sirve de mucho con las tà ©cnicas que presentan, las cuales nos ayudan a convencer al elector; la cual antiguamente se le denominaba propaganda, sin embargo su mejor denominacià ³n es el de publicidad polà ­tica en la cual se convence con la ideologà ­a para captar los votos del mercado polà ­tico y luego poder segmentar el mismo. Para poder definir los objetivos de la publicidad polà ­tica a desarrollar se debe de tomar en cuenta las respuestas a estas preguntas:  ¿Quià ©nes queremos que sean nuestros seguidores y votantes?  ¿Quà © es lo que queremos transmitir a los electores?  ¿Quà © queremos probar a los votantes?  ¿Cà ³mo se realizara la comunicacià ³n?  ¿Cuà ¡ndo y con quà © tanta frecuencia se realizara la comunicacià ³n? Todas estas preguntas deben ser respuestas con inteligencia para que se pueda asà ­ segmentar el mercado polà ­tico y definir cà ³mo es que se realizaran que estudios se usaran con el contraste de las realidades presentadas en el partido, programa y del mismo candidato; para mayor explicacià ³n podemos ver la ilustracià ³n 6, donde se centran las ideas hacia la investigacià ³n del mercado. Ilustracià ³n 6 Relacià ³n de la investigacià ³n del mercado Polà ­tico Elaboracià ³n: Propia Fuentes: (Saiz, Marketing Polà ­tico, 2003) 4.1.1. MENSAJE DE LA PUBLICIDAD POLà TICA El mensaje tiene que pasa por ciertos procesos como es el primero ver el Estudio de Mercado, luego analizar este mercado y obtener una informacià ³n razonable sobre este, y, por ultimo obtenemos el menaje (và ©ase ilustracià ³n 7). Este mensaje debe tratar de comunicar las ventajas del partido, del candidato, del programa electoral. Para lo cual se debe realizar una lista, sea subjetiva o guià ¡ndose de las tà ©cnicas profesionales, empezando desde las ideas mà ¡s generales hasta llegar a mà ¡s concretas: esto quiere decir que, primero se abarca el tema emocional y luego se toma lo mà ¡s racional (correspondiente a la explicacià ³n del programa electoral que piensa desarrollar). Una vez finalizada la lista, se precederà ¡ a analizar la informacià ³n, evaluando cuales son las ideas que no deben ir para su retiro inmediato, porque esto puede generar problemas de interpretacià ³n negativa de los votantes, para ello nos recomiendan que busquemos â€Å"la correlacià ³n ventajas/deseos del mercado electoral† (Barranco Saiz, 2003) Ilustracià ³n 7 Proceso de la Elaboracià ³n del mensaje El mensaje debe ser consistente para que se pueda motivar al elector y sea impulsado a votar por este candidato; esto nos hace pensar en las etapas del AIDA que vimos anteriormente pero ahora aplicado al mensaje. Iniciando la primera fase de Atencià ³n; la publicidad puede atraer electores nuevos (que muchas veces no se dan cuenta de ello) gracias al Marketing aplicado (porque se influencian en detalles de la publicidad) tambià ©n tiene electores voluntarios (que le interese el mensaje) los cuales muchas veces son atraà ­dos por pequeà ±as incertidumbres que dejo en algà ºn discurso anterior. La Fase de Interà ©s es la que continà ºa a este proceso para elaborar el mensaje pues es ello lo que se tiene que hacer que el votante tenga hacia el mensaje y pueda asimilarlo. Por lo cual como definà ­amos anteriormente, la segmentacià ³n de mercado polà ­tico, podremos adaptar el mensaje principal para cada segmento especà ­fico dà ¡ndoles lo que ellos quieren. 4.1.2. DISEÑO DEL ANUNCIO VISUAL Este diseà ±o debe contar con las caracterà ­sticas referentes a la investigacià ³n que se haya realizado sobre lo que motiva a la mayorà ­a de personas. Debe tener una distribucià ³n correcta del anuncio con ilustraciones, titulares, el texto y el logo. 4.2. ESTRUCTURA DE LA CAMPAÑA Se debe elegir la forma de la organizacià ³n y evaluar las desventajas que està © presente, se da mediante un plan general de campaà ±a de las cuales son consecuentes actividades del equipo correspondiente mediante la eleccià ³n de la organizacià ³n como se habà ­a mencionado y el nombramiento de dos puestos clave como el director de la campaà ±a y el coordinador del campo que anteriormente lo habà ­amos detallado. Tambià ©n se debe elegir la sede central de la campaà ±a a realizar indicando tambià ©n la organizacià ³n de la misma, pudiendo identificar la diferencia entre los problemas que se den en la localizacià ³n y otras cuestiones tipo material. Y a su vez verificar el problema de la financiacià ³n sobre los costos de la campaà ±a, los fondos y la gestià ³n financiera en sà ­. Otro punto importante de definir en una estructura de campaà ±a debe detallarse el personal con el cual se debe contar, necesariamente se requiere personal especializado. CONCLUSIONES El Marketing polà ­tico està ¡ especializado con ayuda del marketing en los partidos, candidatos y el mercado polà ­tico; en el cual se interactà ºan con los diversos medios necesarios para lograr una buena organizacià ³n. La organizacià ³n del Departamento del marketing es muy importante para un partido polà ­tico pues es la mà ¡s importante, la que define los mensajes, la publicidad y todo lo que es consecuente al marketing polà ­tico en sà ­. La eleccià ³n de las personas en los cargos del partido es muy importante que sean especializadas y no solamente personas cercanas al partido puesto que si se quiere tener un mejor partido se debe contar con el mejor personal el cual puede aportar mà ¡s que una persona conocida en el partido. La publicidad es muy importante para la captacià ³n de personas que se fijan en pequeà ±os detalles del partido los cuales pueden atraer a las personas mà ¡s seguras. El mensaje es importante que se pueda plasmar en la forma que le sea fà ¡cil de entender en los distintos segmentos que se hayan subdividido el mensaje debe llegar a todas las personas, es por eso que se adecuan al segmento del mercado polà ­tico. BIBLIOGRAFà A Barranco Saiz, F. J. (2003). Marketing Polà ­tico. Pirà ¡mide. Microsoft ® Student. (2010). Marketing. Saiz, F. J. (2003). Marketing Polà ­tico. Madrid, Espaà ±a: Pirà ¡mide. Saiz, F. J. (2003). Marketing Polà ­tico. Salgado, L. M. (2002). Marketing Polà ­tico. Barcelona, Espaà ±a: Editorial Paidà ³s Ibà ©rica, S. A. Zepeda, A. V. (2002). Decà ¡logo del marketing polà ­tico. Revista Mexicana de Comunicacià ³n , vol. 15 (issue 78), 16-20.

The Horse Whisperer

The Horse Whisperer Among all of the devices beautifully used in this poem by Frost, personification is the one I want to focus on in this essay. My little horse must think it queer (Stanza 2, Line 1) The idea of the horse thinking about the rider's intentions and the fact that rider pays attention to what his little horse must think, shows the relationship between the rider and his only alive companion he has in this journey. Although we can consider the whole poem as an interior monologue, this relationship between the rider and the horse is the only bond there is between the man and his surroundings.He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. (Stanza 3, Lines 1,2) It is noteworthy that the poet has chosen the pronouns â€Å"He† and â€Å"His† for the horse indicating the role that rider considers for it apart from being only a vehicle. Upon consideration, the horse becomes a means to an end for the speaker. The horse is essentially the riderâ €™s means for attaining his promises which he has miles and miles to get to them. With this in mind, the horse becomes an extension of the speaker’s own thoughts in the anticipation of moving forward.The horse never really asks or wonders about any of the things mentioned; it is only the speaker’s own thoughts projected onto the horse. This personification and projection of thought magnify the separation between the speaker and his surrounding natural environment. He, with his horse, or rather vehicle of progress, appears to be the only living things around. It seems throughout the poem his horse is the only thing, which tries to keep him attached to the environment and his surroundings. The horse like any practical being, wants to get on down the road to food and shelter.The narrator himself, however, continues to get fascinated by the mysteries of the forest, the otherness, sleep and death. At some point, it seems like he has given up the rationality and responsi bility of his actions to the horse as he talks with some kind of neighborly attitude towards the matter by the use of words â€Å"Stopping by† and the line where he says: Whose woods these are I think I know. (1) But when he says † My little horse must think it queer† he admits that the thinking and rationalizing process has been given to the horse while his mind is occupied with matters such as death and the promises he has to keep.The most significant auditory imagery used in the poem is of the horse's bells † He gives his harness bells a shake (11) . Other than that there is only what other sound mentioned in the poem: The only other sound's the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. (Stanza 3) All this creates an odd, somehow scary atmosphere mirroring the inner conflicts of the rider and his only companion through this battle is a horse on which he relies in several occasions. Works Cited: http://studentacademichelp. blogspot. com Steve Pedersen: â€Å"St opping by Woods on a Snowy Evening': A Burkean/Ecocritical Reading†

Cell Phone Radiation

My purpose is to provide information on cell phone radiation, the risks that can be caused by cell phone radiation, and the potential health problems that could result from this. Details of the topic: I am going to talk about the arguments about how cell phone radiation can affect our lives and whether these arguments are accurate or not. Cell phone radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that has the ability to cause health issues. The radiation from this device can cause serious brain tumours, according to one study by Anna Lahkola of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland, which found that people who use their cell phone for more than 2000 hours have a higher chance of getting a brain tumour. The chance of getting a brain tumour increased from 40 to 270 percent and most of the users that might experience this side effect would be teenagers to people in their twenties. This is because it is people in this age group who are most likely to use cell phones/smart phones and they are also most likely to use the phones most frequently. There are several other health issues or risks out there that are linked to the usage of cell phones such cancer, headaches, Alzheimer’s disease, fatigue and Parkinson’s disease. But it still has not been proved with 100 percent accuracy because so far every scientist is getting different results. There is no consensus among scientists about the risks that associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation. A famous neurosurgeon Vini Khurana argued that if you use a cell phone for more than ten years you are very likely to get brain cancer. His conclusion seems more believable because he did a long study about this and he mentions that other scientists have only done short term research on this matter. He states that a brain tumour can take up to 10 years to develop, so studies on the effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation should last at least that long or longer. However, most scientists do not do studies that last long enough in his opinion. Relevance: A while back group 11 did their presentation on â€Å"the history of radiation†, where they discussed the two types of radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing. Cell phones/smart phones would be in the non-ionizing category because they use a low to mid frequency. In this diagram you can see the frequency for cell phones/smart phones is in the range from 0 to 10 in hertz (Hz). Furthermore the group also mentioned that, even though the frequency for non-ionizing radiation is less dangerous, it is still possible to have side effects that may affect to our personal lives. There was a class where at the end we had a very brief discussion about radiation from electronics and the topic of cell phones/smart phones was brought up by few students when they were asked about their opinion or personal experience. Some side effects they mentioned from using their cell phones/smart phones constantly were having problems falling asleep along with minor headaches. Reflection: This voluntary assignment helps me because it provides some very interesting facts and debates about the side effects of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In this course we have covered many different kinds of radiation, but we have not talked a lot about the radiation from technology. We presume this kind of radiation is too low to have serious effects on us. However, I remember that I actually had some problems when I used my IPhone (smart phone) two years ago. For instance, I started out with a headache that turned into a very serious migraine and lasted for one week. I’m not sure if it is because I had just got my first phone and so I was using it a lot, but after doing this research into cell phone/smart phone radiation. I’m starting to think that this might be the problem that causes my headaches and migraines. Just recently when I moved to my new apartment, because I didn’t have a small table next to my bed, I put the phone under my pillow for about one month and I was getting frequent headaches. So I believe in headaches as a potential side effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In fact, I’m a little bit worried about brain tumours, even though most research and debates are not official. However what I have experienced makes it seem like the potential side effects could be true. Our use of technology is growing and we take technology for granted, so that we very rarely stop to consider the radiation that is associated with our technology. This is something I think we should know more about, even if the risks are minimal. Conclusion: Because of doing this assignment, I have found out that there’s a lot of debate about the risks that are associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation. Even though most scientists believe there are few to no risks from this type of radiation, I believe this issue hasn’t been studied enough for us to determine what the real risks are. However I intend to be more careful from now in how I use my phone. I definitely won’t be sleeping with my phone under my pillow anymore. References http://www.naturalnews.com/021634_mobile_phones_brain_tumors.html http://www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone-radiation2.htm Cell Phone Radiation The radiation protection to be practiced > cell phone radiation During normal use, over half of the radiation transmitted by your mobile phone is absorbed by your head or body. Around 80% of the phone's microwave emissions are absorbed by the head. Only shielding or distance to the phone can reduce their severe impact. The United Nations World Health Organization has classified mobile phone radiation as possibly cancer causing and advise that it is important for mobile phone users to minimize exposure by utilizing hands free devices or texting. Always use speakerphone or proven radiation safety accessories.Steps that should be take to reduce cell phone radiation : > use the speakerphone because the cell phone radiation drops exponentially by distance, so, the further away the phone is from your head the better. > limit the use to essential calls and keep calls short because even a two minute call has been found to alter the natural electrical activity of the brain for up to an hour a fter-wards. > children should not be allowed to use the cell phone, except in emergencies because their skulls are still developing and the radiation can penetrate much more deeply. use an air tube headset (not regular wired headset) because research has shown that regular wired headset could transmit radiation into the ear canal. > do not put cell phone in your pocket or belt while in use or while it is on because men who wear cell phones near their groin could have their sperms count dropped by as much as 30%. > if using phone without a headset, wait for the call to connect before placing phones next to the ear because radiation level is higher while phone is still trying to make a connection. Most cell phones emit the most adiation when they first connect with the cell tower. > do not use the cell phones in enclosed metal spaces such as vehicles or elevators because phones need more power to make connection. The metal enclosure also traps the radiation and reflects it back at the occupants. > do not make a call when the signal strength is one bar or less because the phone must work harder to establish a connection and thus emits more radiation. > buy a phone with low radiation rating because the phone's SAR ( Specific Absorption Rate ) can be found in manual.The lower the SAR value from the FCC limit of 1. 6 W/kg , the better. > use scientifically proven cell phone radiation reducing or protection device. > Keep Your Distance because the intensity of cell phone radiation diminishes quickly as your distance from your cell phone increases, and every millimeter counts. You can protect yourself from the effects of cell phone radiation by holding your cell phone away from your body and use a wireless Bluetooth headset or earpiece, which emit radiation at far lower levels than cell phones.Other than that, you can carry your cell phone away from your body – in a purse, briefcase or computer bag – not in your pocket where it is pressed up against you. > Try Texting, Not Talking – When you send a text message from your cell phone, you hold your phone away from your body, and far away from your head, which reduces your exposure to radiation. > Find a Strong Signal and Stay Put -When your cell phone has a weak signal, it has to work harder to transmit and receive, and that equals higher bursts of radiation.You face the same problem when you are moving quickly – riding in a car, bus or train, for example – because your cell phone is forced to repeatedly emit new bursts of radiation as it connects to different cell towers along your route. > Use the Toggle Method – you can reduce your radiation exposure by holding the phone away from your ear when you are talking and only bringing it close to listen. Using a headset or speaker mode is still the better option, but the toggle method can cut the amount of radiation your brain and body absorbs.

Problems With Chainsaws Made in China

Problems With Chainsaws Made in China Inexpensive chainsaws made in China have drawn great interest in the past few years, including brands such as Blue Max, Zomax, and Showbull. It is easy to find these and other cheaply made chainsaws on various internet sites, but its typically not worth the risk of a bad-performing saw just to save a few dollars. Dont Buy Over the Internet Consumers have reported problems with chainsaws they purchased on the internet. As one buyer noted: I recently purchased a saw on the internet. I have to report that the saw is very poorly made (with) obviously poor quality control. The saw I purchased was not properly packed nor did it come with a manufacturers manual or thorough safety instructions. This consumers experience illustrates the danger of buying any chainsaw on the internet. A few tips for avoiding problems: Never buy a chainsaw without being able to see, touch and inspect it personally.If you buy a chainsaw over the internet, ensure that you receive at least a 30-day warranty.Buy chainsaws from trusted and well-reviewed companies, such as  Husqvarna, Stihl, and Echo, which are all well-made with sturdy parts. These companies have service departments in nearly every community in North America.Buy your chainsaw from a dealer. Most chainsaw dealers will not service saws sold at department stores- or those sold over the internet. So the money you save buying an inexpensive chainsaw will be lost if the saw breaks, unless you are a mechanic and can fix the chainsaw yourself. Youll be hard-pressed to find a shop that will repair these saws. Educate Yourself The problem is not so much in buying a Chinese-made chainsaw; the issue is purchasing any machine sight unseen. If you buy a Chinese chainsaw on the internet, you have no way to verify its quality, generally, are left without a warranty and have little recourse to repair the machine if it breaks. Though some of the Chinese chainsaws may carry respected brand names, they are often produced by any number of subcontracting firms.   Instead, take the time to educate yourself about the parts of a chainsaw, maintenance requirements, what youll be using the chainsaw for and even your level of expertise. If youre a beginner, for example, youll want to look for specific requirements for your first chainsaw. Chainsaw Journal suggests you examine such issues as kickback, bar length, and safety features. You cant carefully review any of these things if you buy your chainsaw over the internet from a company with which you are unfamiliar. Take It for a Test Drive Chainsaw manufacturers are using newer and lighter materials to build more powerful but durable machines. One of the most important questions to ask yourself when buying the saw is: How does it feel? If the chainsaw is too bulky, it will be harder to use. Some of the best chainsaws are small and light. Here are a few tips: Look for a  non-kickback attachment  to ensure your safety.Examine the chainsaw parts.Try out both gas- and electric-powered saws.   The main thing is to examine the saw yourself before buying. Thats something you cant do over the internet. Put on some work gloves, visit a few dealers and spend an hour or two trying out chainsaws. Thats the best way to ensure you buy a quality chainsaw that will last years.

How to Improve Your SAT Score by 100 Points in a Month

How to Improve Your SAT Score by 100 Points in a Month SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Preparing for the SAT a second or third time is common. Back when I studied for the SAT, the first couple of strategies and study approaches I tried didn't actually work. It took me a few times before I finally foundthe method that bumped up my SAT score 200 points- toa perfect score. If you'reretaking the SATand want to ensure you improve this time around, this guide will show you how to do just that! Who Is This SAT Guide For? "How can I improve my SAT score in just a month?" This is a common question I get from students. Roughly paraphrased, it looks like this: Hey, Fred! I'm John, and I've gotten scores of 600 in both Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. I've taken the SAT a couple of times already, and I need to improve by just 100 points the next time I take it for a total of around 1300. I've tried other test-prep companies and racked my brain for ways to improve my SAT score. I've memorized vocab and taken practice tests. This isn't my first try at the SAT by far. Do I have any hope of raising my score by this many points?This will be my third time taking the SAT, and I don't want to take it again after this! Please help! This request for help raises an important question:who exactly is this SAT guide for?If, like John, you're studying for the SAT a second or third time and your Math and EBRW scores are currently around average (400-600), this guide should work well for you. Now that we've clarified who this guide is for, let's look at the six crucial steps you'll need to take to raise your SAT score by 100 points in one month. Step 1: Improve Your Math Score For the SAT Math section, you'll need to prioritize your time so that you're spending less time on questions you know how to solve and more on those that are hard for you. At your score level, I'd do what I call the "two-pass" method on both the No Calculator and Calculator sections. First, let's look at the basics of the Math No Calculator and Calculator sections: Section Total # of Questions Total Time Time per Question Math No Calculator 20 (15 multiple choice, 5 grid-ins) 25 minutes 75 seconds Math Calculator 38 (30 multiple choice, 8 grid-ins) 55 minutes 87 seconds As you can see, you'll get more questions, more total time, and more time per question on the Math Calculator section than you will on the Math No Calculator section. Now, let's look at how to use the two-pass method on each of the Math sections. Math No Calculator Section: Two-Pass Strategy On your first pass through the No Calculator section, do only the questions you know how to approach within about five seconds of reading them.You don't need to solve each question in five seconds, but you do need to know exactly what solving each question entails. If you know how to approach a question, try to solve it within 55 seconds. On the other hand, if you can't find a solution approach within five seconds, skip that question for now! By the time you finish your first pass, you should have tried about 10-15 problems and spent 10-15 minutes in total on the section. This gives you 10-15 minutes left to attack the rest of the section. Now, it's time for round two: reread all the problems you didn't solve. Because you've already looked at each of them for five seconds, you should have an idea of which ones are easier and which ones are harder. Do these questions in order of your personal difficulty. Once you only have about a minute left in the section, go through your scoring sheet and confirm that you've filled in an answer for each No Calculator question. Remember that it's OK to guess on a few since there's no penalty for incorrect answers! Math Calculator Section: Two-Pass Strategy With the Calculator section, do only the questions you know how to approachwithin about 10 seconds of reading them.Like the No Calculator section, you don't need to solve each of them within 10 seconds, but you should recognizehow to solve them right away. If you know how to approach a problem, try to solve it within 60 seconds. If, however, you can't figure out how to solve it within 10 seconds of reading it, skip it for now. Once you've finished your first pass, you should have attempted about 25-30 questions and spent about 30-35 minutes on the section. This means you'll have about 20-25 minutes left. Next, for round two, use your remaining time to go back through all the questions you didn't solve on your first pass. Since you've already looked at each question for 10 seconds, you should be able to identify which ones are easier and which ones are harder for you. Do these questions in order of your personal difficulty. When you have about a minute left in the section, check that you've put down an answer for every question. Again, there's no penalty for incorrect answers on the SAT, so it's recommended you fill in something, even if you have to guess! Step 2: Improve Your Reading Score Some say your SAT Reading score is the hardest to improve, and in some ways it is. You've got to read lengthy passages and be able to identify where you've found answers to certain questions. By far the easiest way to improve your Reading score is to practice an effective passage-reading strategy.Our recommended strategy involves the following steps: Quickly read the questions first, identifying the types of questions being asked. Read the information blurb at the beginning of the passage. Read/skim the passage, paying attention to the last line of the introductory paragraph (i.e., the thesis) and opening sentences in body paragraphs and the conclusion. Answer the questions. You should also practice our #1 tip, which is to always look for the 100% unambiguously correct answer choice.Essentially, this is the same thing as the process of elimination. Even though many answer choices can sound right, only one will completely and accurately answer the question. Knowing this fact will help you be better able to pinpoint which choices are clearly wrong. Step 3: Improve Your Writing and Language Score Besides knowing all major SAT grammar rules, remember this key tip: don't just use your ear! So many students try to detect grammar mistakes relying only on how sentences sound. While this strategy might work for the easiest problems, the only way to ultimately master SAT Writing and Languageis to understand grammar on an analytical level. What does knowing grammar analytically mean, though? It's not only knowing grammar rules but alsobeing able to cite which rule is being broken.If you can identify what rule is being broken, you'll know exactly how to fix the sentence so that the rule is not being broken. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Step 4: Record Your Weaknesses Now that you've shored up your baseline skills for each section, it's time to study in a way that attacks your unique issues with the SAT. Here's how to do this: take two official SAT practice tests. As you take them, circle all the problems you're not sure of, regardless of whether you get them right or not. At the end of the tests, copy the problems you circled into a mistakes journal. Some of the best tutors I know recommend making three mistakes journals, one for each section of the test. They also recommend- for students with more time- taking more than two practice tests for these mistakes journals. After all, the more data, the better! Step 5: Identify Your Weaknesses With all your mistakes written down, start tagging them with keywords.Examples of keywords include the following: Vocab issue Careless mistake Ran out of time Didn't understand author's intent Each question in your mistakes journal should now be tagged with one or more keywords explaining why you think you got it wrong. Next,tally up these reasons tocreate a list showing the number of problems you missed for each reason. Here's an example of what your list might look like: Vocab issue: 4 questions Careless mistake: questions Ran out of time: 13 questions Didn't understand author's intent: 8 questions And so on. Step 6: Fix Your Weaknesses For each weakness, come up with a method to fix it.For example, if you missed a few vocabulary questions on the Reading and Writing sections, you might want to study more words. For authorial intent, you could practice by reading short passages and thinking in the author's shoes. After going through the first few items on your list, your score should now be much higher! This method of journaling and analyzing your weaknesses works wonders.It helped me improve my own SAT score by 200 points! The best part of this method is that it's scientific: itworks by targeting your weakest issues first to ensure that your overall SAT score improves by a lot- ideally, 100 points- in the month you've got left before test day! What's Next? Want a system that automatically does the tallying for you? Then check out our online SAT prep program.We use advanced computer analysis to figure out your weaknesses and help you target them effectively in your prep. Not sure what SAT score you need to be aiming for?Read our in-depth article on how to set an SAT goal score based on the colleges you're applying to. For more SAT help, take a look at ourour expert guide to improving your SAT score,and try out our month-long SAT study plan.